BLEEDING
Bright red blood on paper, on the stool or in the toilet bowl.
NAZAD NA USLUGEDISCREET · FUNCTIONAL · INDIVIDUALISED CARE
BOLESTI ANUSA, REKTUMA I PILONIDALNE REGIJE
Contemporary options for haemorrhoids, fissure, fistula, pilonidal disease, prolapse and early lesions, prioritising function.
RAFAELO® / LASER / THDSPHINCTER PRESERVATIONTEM / TAMIS
POGLEDAJTE OPERACIJENapomena: navigacija na stranici dostupna je na srpskom. Detaljan medicinski sadržaj ove stručne stranice trenutno je prikazan na engleskom.
ELIXIS · ADVANCED CARE
Same symptom, different disease — accurate diagnosis first
Bleeding, pain or swelling do not always mean haemorrhoids. Examination and selected functional or imaging tests come before treatment.
SIMPTOMI
Symptoms that merit assessment
Haemorrhoids, fissure, abscess or fistula, pilonidal disease and rectal prolapse can cause similar complaints but require different treatment. Proper assessment is particularly important with bleeding or persistent pain.
PAIN
Sharp pain during a bowel movement or continuous throbbing pain.
LUMP OR PROLAPSE
A painful lump or tissue protruding from the anus.
ITCHING
Itching, irritation, moisture or difficulty keeping the area clean.
DISCHARGE
Mucus, pus or foul-smelling discharge may accompany inflammation or a fistula.
FUNCTIONAL CHANGE
Urgency, leakage or incomplete emptying merit functional assessment.
Bleeding should not automatically be attributed to haemorrhoids. Symptoms alone are not diagnostic and examination, endoscopy or imaging may be needed.
OPERACIJE
Each condition and procedure, separately
From tissue-preserving to excisional procedures, selection depends on stage, anatomy and priorities.
01LASER
LASER HAEMORRHOIDOPLASTY
Targeted laser energy within haemorrhoidal tissue to promote shrinkage and fibrosis. Overall superiority to other techniques has not been established.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- Selected internal haemorrhoidal disease without a major external component.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- Small punctures and controlled intratissue application without wide excision.
02RAFAELO® · RFA
RAFAELO® RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION
Controlled intratissue thermocoagulation of an internal haemorrhoid with a fine radiofrequency probe, aiming for shrinkage and fibrosis without anoderm excision.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- Selected symptomatic internal haemorrhoids, mainly grade II–III, without a dominant large external component.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- After local anaesthesia, the probe is placed centrally within the haemorrhoidal tissue above the dentate line and delivers controlled radiofrequency energy. Suitability is confirmed after proctological examination.
03THD · HAL-RAR
DOPPLER-GUIDED THD / HAL–RAR
Localisation and ligation of haemorrhoidal arteries, with mucopexy when prolapse is present. It usually causes less early pain but has higher recurrence than excisional haemorrhoidectomy in advanced disease.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- Selected haemorrhoidal disease with bleeding and prolapse of internal haemorrhoidal tissue.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- Doppler mapping, ligation sutures and mucosal lifting without anoderm excision.
04MM · ULTRASONIC
MILLIGAN–MORGAN WITH ULTRASONIC ENERGY
Excisional haemorrhoidectomy for advanced mixed disease using modern energy haemostasis.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- Large external components, high-grade prolapse or disease unsuitable for a tissue-preserving technique.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- Anatomical excision of diseased columns while preserving skin and mucosal bridges.
05FISSURE
ANAL FISSURE TREATMENT
Stepwise treatment of spasm and pain, prioritising continence preservation.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- Chronic fissure persisting despite appropriate conservative care.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- Topical therapy, Botox or carefully selected lateral sphincterotomy according to risk.
06FISTULA
ANAL FISTULA SURGERY
Mapping of the tract and treatment with the lowest possible sphincter risk.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- A persistent tract after an abscess or an active complex fistula.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- Drainage or seton, fistulotomy, LIFT or another sphincter-preserving option according to anatomy.
07SiLaC
PILONIDAL SINUS LASER · SiLaC
Intratract laser treatment of selected sinus tracts without wide skin excision. Long-term comparative evidence is limited and does not establish overall superiority.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- Selected primary or limited disease without a large acute abscess.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- Tract cleaning, fibre insertion and uniform controlled energy during withdrawal.
08RECTOPEXY
LAPAROSCOPIC RECTOPEXY
Anatomical suspension of the rectum for prolapse, tailored to function.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- Full-thickness rectal prolapse. For selected internal prolapse, it is considered only after pelvic-floor testing and multidisciplinary review.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- Mobilisation or ventral suspension selected according to constipation, continence and anatomy.
09TEM · TAMIS
LOCAL RECTAL EXCISION · TEM / TAMIS
Transanal removal of a selected lesion with magnification and precise margins, without abdominal resection. It does not provide lymph-node staging.
- KADA SE RAZMATRA
- Selected large polyps and, as definitive treatment, only carefully selected low-risk cT1N0 tumours after complete staging.
- ŠTA OBUHVATA
- Full-thickness local excision and closure when appropriate. Adverse final pathology may require subsequent radical resection.
Originalna realistična anatomska ilustracija u edukativne svrhe — nije fotografija pacijenta.
PLANIRANJE I BEZBEDNOST
Sphincter function is part of the treatment
The newest technique is not automatically the best. The goal is the right balance between disease control, pain, healing and function.
DIAGNOSIS
Accurate examination before treatment.
MAPPING
MRI, ultrasound or functional testing when required.
CONTINENCE
Baseline continence risk is assessed before sphincter surgery.
FOLLOW-UP
Follow-up of healing and functional outcome.
PITANJA
ČESTA PITANJA
Kratki odgovori pre individualne hirurške procene.
01How long does recovery take?
Recovery varies with the procedure, disease severity and general health. The individual plan covers mobilisation, diet, work and exercise.
02Is laser always better?
No. Overall superiority has not been established. It may reduce access trauma in well-selected cases, but suitability and recurrence risk depend on anatomy and disease stage.
03Is colonoscopy needed for bleeding?
It depends on age, symptoms, family history and warning signs. Bleeding should not automatically be attributed to haemorrhoids.
KLINIČKI DOKAZI
KLINIČKI DOKAZI
Konačan izbor zavisi od kliničke slike, anatomije i savremenih smernica.
01ASCRS · Management of Hemorrhoids 2024Official guidance for excisional and non-excisional techniquesZVANIČNI IZVOR02European Society of Coloproctology · GuidelinesEuropean colorectal guidanceZVANIČNI IZVOR03ASCRS · HemorrhoidsSymptoms, diagnosis and treatment optionsZVANIČNI IZVOR04ASCRS · Abscess and FistulaWarning signs of abscess and fistulaZVANIČNI IZVOR
Sadržaj je informativan i ne zamenjuje pregled. Koristi, rizici i alternative razmatraju se individualno.
INDIVIDUALNA HIRURŠKA PROCENA
Prava operacija počinje pravom indikacijom.
Simptomi, nalazi i alternative razmatraju se na konsultaciji.
Ordinacija REA MED i dolazak